Math Knowledge Base • Section 21

Circles

Understanding the geometric blueprint of a circle and its algebraic representation.

📐 The Definition of a Circle

Mathematically, a circle is not just a "round shape." It is the set of all points \((x, y)\) in a plane that are at a fixed distance, called the radius (\(r\)), from a fixed point, called the center \((h, k)\).

The Distance Formula Proof

To find the equation of a circle, we simply apply the Distance Formula between the center \((h, k)\) and any point \((x, y)\) on the edge:

\(r = \sqrt{(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2}\)

By squaring both sides, we arrive at the Standard Form:

\((x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2\)

The Pythagorean Connection

Notice anything familiar? The standard form is actually just the Pythagorean Theorem (\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\)) rewritten for a coordinate grid. The horizontal distance is \((x-h)\), the vertical distance is \((y-k)\), and the hypotenuse is the radius \(r\).


Next Steps in Your Training

Now that you understand why the equation works, learn how to solve it fast.

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Speed Hacks

Center shortcuts and radius tricks.

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Visualization

Graph circles instantly in Desmos.